Mister Hyde | Big Hero 6 Villains | Dormammu made his first appearance in an early Doctor Strange comic appropriately titled Strange Tales #126 from comic creators Stan Lee and Steve … Electro | Abomination | Born untold thousands or even millions of years ago in the dimension of the vastly powerful energy-entities called the Faltine, Dormammu and his sibling Umar gathered matter to themselves to increase their power, a practice anathema to their fellow Faltine, becoming their dimension's mightiest sorcerers. Daken | Nightmare | Though he’s not a pillar-of-creation type, he’s markedly mightier than even Doctor Strange and … Firelord | Dormammu is first mentioned by Karl Amadeus Mordo, senior apprentice of the appointed "Sorcerer Supreme" the "Ancient One", who, in the entity's service, attempts to slowly weaken the sorcerer, but is stopped when his fellow pupil Stephen Strange alerts his master to the betrayal. Knull | The Avengers: United They Stand: Ultron | Kang the Conqueror | Swordsman | Ringmaster | Masters of Evil (Baron Zemo & Whirlwind) | Attuma | Zodiac (Taurus & Scorpio) | Egghead | Scarlet Witch | Grim Reaper Kang the Conqueror | Badoon | Mandarin | This Villain was proposed and approved by Villains Wiki's Pure Evil Proposals Thread. Nicky Cavella | Russian | Griffin | Zodiac, Movies Juri Han | Trapster | Famine | Doctor Strange: The Sorcerer Supreme: Dormammu | Baron Mordo Mole Man | Barracuda | Saya | Deke Wainscroft | Technovore | Frightful Four | Zodiac, Television Air-Walker | The character first appeared in Strange Tales #126 (November 1964), and was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. Chemistro | Dormammu is virtually indestructible and immortal due to his energy form composed of pure magic, and has strength, speed, and stamina, which he can directly empower to levels shown capable of challenging a slightly angered Hulk, or by growing to gigantic size. Basilisk | Albert Wesker | Deadpool | Spot | Seth Youngblood | Jigsaw | Hazmat | Kaine | Mister Sinister | Daemos | Abomination | Malekith the Accursed | Karn | The Sorcerer Supreme's nine most notorious foes. Unicorn | Doctor Spectrum | Ghost | The Prowler | Doctor Octopus | Green Goblin | Harry Osborn | Taskmaster | HYDRA (Arnim Zola, Crossbones, Morbius & Baron Mordo) | Sinister Six (Kraven the Hunter, Rhino, Electro, Scorpion, Vulture & Hydro-Man) | Batroc the Leaper | Beetle | Lizard | Frightful Four (Wizard, Trapster & Klaw) | Juggernaut | Sandman | Venom | Loki Laufeyson | The Collector | Grandmaster | Carnage | Wolf Spider | Shocker | Shriek | Swarm | Dracula | Spider-Slayers (Kaine) | Absorbing Man | Abomination | Annihilus | Arcade | Attuma | Awesome Android | Blastaar | Blizzard | Boomerang | Chitauri | Deadpool | Destroyer | Doctor Doom | Dormammu | Skurge | Enforcers (Montana, Fancy Dan, Ox) | Frost Giants | Grizzly | Hammerhead | Jack O'Lantern | Korvac | The Leader | Living Laser | Man-Wolf | Maximus | Melter | Mesmero | M.O.D.O.K. The Punisher (1989): Punisher | Lady Tanaka | Gianni Franco | Tanaka's Daughter Colonel Ross Whittaker | Killer Shrike | "He gave the demoniac DD...a visage totally different from any villain I had ever seen in comics before," proclaimed Lee.[5]. Mandrill | Black Order | Morbius the Living Vampire | Villains associated with the Dread Dormammu include Baron Mordo, an evil wizard and another enemy of Dr Strange, Umar (his sister) and Satannish, a powerful demon-lord created by Dormammu as an extension of himself - all of these beings have faced Dr Strange on regular occasions and are considerably powerful yet dwarfed by Dormammu himself (even Umar, who is of the same species as Dormammu, is unable to match her brother in raw mystical-power). [31], Dormammu sends an army of Mindless Ones to attack the city of New York, and trick several prominent Marvel superheroes into unintentionally making him materialize on Earth by tricking them into combining dimensional energies in an attempt to dispel the Mindless Ones. Masters of Evil | Strange comic book series. To Lee and Steve Ditko, the Lord of the Realm of Darkness and the associated invocations were just another piece of business, another way of adding depth to the otherwordly [sic?] Mentallo | Evil Ryu | Ulik | Black Talon | Lightmaster | A.I.M. Mojo | Cosmic Dark Lord, Dread DormammuThe Dread OneLord DormammuMaster DormammuThe OneDestroyer of WorldsSavior of WorldsDark LordThe Black OneThe Great EnigmaEater of SoulsLord of DarknessLord of ChaosLord of the Dark DimensionDormouseFlambé HeadDaddy DormyDormyDormieMormammuKeeper of the Mindless One, Ruler of the Dark DimensionMember of the Lords of the Splinter RealmsMember of the Hell Lords (formerly), Super-Genius-level intelligenceRulershipMaster martial artistMastery of dark magicImmortalityInvulnerabilityTransformationsRegenerative healing factorMystic energy manipulationDimensional teleportationElemental controlAstral projectionSize alterationHigh-speed flightEnergy projectionEnergy absorptionSorcery over the Flames of the Faltine, TortureDestructionUniversal conquestConspiracySabotageStarvationKidnappingPossessionNecromancySoul collecting. Strange journeys into the core of Dormammu's essence and uses the Eye of Agamotto to strip away his self-delusion, and make him acknowledge that his thirst for chaos, power, and conquest are unworthy of a being of his stature. "Amidst the Madness", Steve Englehart (w). Silver Sable | Tiger Shark | A gallery of images of Dormammu. Secret Empire | Beetle | Alias Lasher | Lord Raptor | Mephisto | He is betrayed by Umar, who steals his power and allows the character to be banished from Earth. Origin Deathbird | Grotesk | Marvel's Avengers: M.O.D.O.K. Skaar | Ox | Death Adder | Jack O' Lantern | Nightshade | Gargantus | Nekra | Dormammu is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Crossbones | G- low Mid grade but very rare comic ,it has lot of Creasing to front and back ,no coupons missing ,Spine Wear and stress with chips and top staple detached ,bottom staple is barley attached,cream pages. Living Monolith | Dormammu was created by the late Stan Lee and the late Steve Ditko. Electro | Shocker | Baby Bonnie Hood | Maginty | Harry Osborn | Electro | Kraven the Hunter | Turbo Jet | Kingpin | Lizard | Shikata | Silver Sable, The Spectacular Spider-Man Death Adder | Nicky Cavella | Loki Laufeyson | Ego the Living Planet | Firelord | Type of Villain The Invincible Iron Man: Mandarin | The Elementals | Deities of Death (Dormammu, Hela, Mephisto & Pluto) Ultimatum | Magus | Space Phantom | Universal Church of Truth | Hera | Kingpin | Worthy | Green Goblin (Norman Osborn, Harry Osborn & Bart Hamilton) | Bushwacker | Black Widow | Hitman | [46] Dormammu merged with the local "Flames of Regency" to further enhance his power, and returned to an energy state, whereas Umar had grown accustomed to physical pleasure. Doctor Doom | Scorpion | [39] The character also appears as one of the prospective "suitors" (holders of a slave-contract) for the hand of Satana. Hand | Iguana | Avengers Assemble: HYDRA/A.I.M. The character is an interdimensional entity composed of mystical energy that can be used to achieve almost any effect he desires, including: energy projection, matter manipulation, resizing, teleportation, possession; necromancy, bestowing of power, and creating demon lords. Doctor Strange Villains | Unlike Spider-Man or Batman, Strange doesn't have much of a rogues gallery of … During The Flight of the Bones storyline the character is revealed as the instigator behind a series of spontaneous combustions of criminals and an attack on an ally of Strange by cultists. Tong Pooh | Thanos | Juggernaut | For this reason, Dormammu has tried many times to destroy the mystic hero, but despite his vast power, he has always failed to do so. Balrog | Ramrod | Annihilus | [22], The character reconstitutes again, regains control of the Dark Dimension from Clea by subverting her will, and summons her parents, Umar and Orini, from exile. Ronan the Accuser | [17], Dormammu tricks Strange into battling both the demon Ghost Rider and the Bounty Hunter in an unsuccessful attempt to kill Strange. Avengers: Endgame: Black Order (Thanos, Ebony Maw, Proxima Midnight, Corvus Glaive, Cull Obsidian, Nebula, Outriders, Sakaaran Mercenaries, Chitauri, Leviathans & Chitauri Gorillas) | HYDRA/STRIKE (Red Skull, Alexander Pierce, Crossbones, Jasper Sitwell & Jack Rollins) | Loki Laufeyson | Winter Soldier | M'Baku | Scarlet Witch | Kraglin Obfonteri | Dark Elves | Thunderbolt Ross | Akihiko, Video Games Green Goblin | Mandarin | Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow: Ultron Ymir | Atlas | Sebastian Shaw | Mysterio | How? Doctor Strange features a secondary villain, the Dread Dormammu, who is summoned by Mads Mikkelsen's Kaecilius. Ultimate Avengers 1 & 2: Herr Kleiser | Chitauri Captain America Villains | Human Fly | Kingpin | Green Goblin (Norman Osborn & Harry Osborn) | Doctor Octopus | Hobgoblin | Venom | Vanessa Fisk | Richard Fisk | Insidious Six (Scorpion, Rhino, Mysterio, Chameleon, Shocker & Vulture) | Black Cat | Lizard | Morbius | Spider-Carnage | Spider-Slayers (Alistair Smythe) | Carnage | Baron Mordo | Dormammu | Silver Sable | Hydro-Man | Prowler | Doctor Doom | Red Skull | Electro | Hammerhead | Tombstone | Kraven the Hunter | Calypso | Herbert Landon | Jackal | Spot | J. Jonah Jameson, Spider-Man: The New Animated Series Mojo | Sebastian Shaw | Boomerang | Sentry 459 | Mister Negative | [36] It is unknown exactly how ancient he is, as he inhabits a wholly alien realm, separate from the rest of the Marvel Universe, that defies the laws of physics as understood on Earth. Walrus | Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse: Kingpin | Prowler | Doctor Octopus | Green Goblin | Tombstone | Scorpion | Vanessa Fisk | Richard Fisk, See Also X-Ray | But when Strange defies the laws of nature in order to defeat Dormammu, Mordo becomes disillusioned with his fellow Masters of the Mystic Arts and vows to cleanse the world of other magic-users. Taskmaster | Spider-Man Revenge Squad | Zodiac | Secret Empire | Crime Master | Sandman | Voiced most times by Phil LaMarr. Zahnmörder | (M.O.D.O.K.) Carnage | They wanted to know more. Together they petition the "Pan-dimensional Oversight Council" (counting Strange and Nightmare among its members) to perform a preemptive strike against Earth's superhumans, as "potential weapons of mass destruction", and when the petition fails, Dormammu eats most of the present council-members, whereas Umar reduces the rest to "screaming blobs of mindless jelly". Vulture | Ten supernatural beings that have brought the world to the brink. Tyrannus | Vile | Doctor Doom | Whirlwind | Thunderball | Blood Brothers | Worthy | Peter Benjamin Parker | The Zealots, led by Kaecilius, contact Dormammu who grants them strength through the powers of the Dark Dimension. Man-Spider | Man-Ape | Psycho-Man | Dormammu follows them back to their dimension, merges with his counterpart in this timeline, doubling his power, and attacks their headquarters, demanding the presence of the Doctor Strange of their time. U-Foes | Spider-Man: The Animated Series Shocker | HYDRA | HYDRA | Juggernaut | Piledriver | Count Nefaria | [9], Dormammu uses a loophole to his oath by granting Mordo vast power, whereupon the sorcerer leads his minions on a lengthy hunt for Strange, and abduct the Ancient One as a bargaining chip. Lady Deathstrike | Loki Laufeyson | 2 years ago. Images of the Dormammu voice actors from the Doctor Strange franchise. Jedah Dohma | Chester Goudal | After imprisoning the horde of marauding virtually unstoppable Mindless Ones, Dormammu enslaved the entire realm and demanded worship as its sole deity. Mesmero | Walrus | This gained him an enemy in Agamotto, who constructed three sanctums in New York, London, and Hong Kong to keep him from Earth for millennia.… Jin Kazama | Rhino II | Goals In Marvel Comics, Dormammu is the Sorcerer Supreme's greatest enemy. Silver Samurai | Mass murderTortureDestructionUniversal conquestConspiracySabotageStarvationKidnappingPossessionNecromancySoul collecting Patton Parnel | ", Steve Englehart (w). [43], The entity reappears with a plot to turn humanity into Mindless Ones, but is thwarted by the plans of Phil Coulson, with help from the Absorbing Man and the Howling Commandos. Living Brain | Tinkerer | Immortus | [8], The character later appears in person when sending a messenger to boast his renewed intentions of conquering his universe before his aging adversary. Madame Masque | Not native to the "Dark Dimension", Dormammu and "his" sibling Umar were exiled for slaying their progenitor "Sinifer" and for their morbid/unclean obsession with physical matter. [13], After being seen in flashback,[14] the character manages to reintegrate himself on Earth, but is recovering slowly to full strength. The sorcerer manipulates Umar into freeing him, and then surprises Dormammu by pushing him through a portal to the Earth. Crossfire | For unknown reasons, Gale's film never went further into production. Taking over the entire universe in both life and afterlife and turning it into an eternal realm of torture dedicated to worshipping him. Vector | Hammerhead | Season 2: Punisher | Anderson Schultz | John Pilgrim | Jigsaw | Eliza Schultz | Krista Dumont | Turk Barrett. Yon-Rogg | Grandmaster | [20], Dormammu's agent Baron Mordo travels back in time to London in the year 1943, where he allies with the aristocrats Viscount Krowler and Sir Anthony Baskerville. Jack O' Lantern | Thunderball | Baron Zemo II | Shocker | After Wanda and Agatha remove the heat needed for his regeneration, he departs for his own realm. Astaroth | He absorbs Umar and Mordo into himself, becoming more powerful than ever before, and he disintegrates the assembled entities. Evil-doer Justin Hammer | Doctor Faustus | White Rabbit | Dormammu is nearly godlike in scale, capable of taking on some of the most powerful beings in Marvel continuity and surviving, his power was even great enough to spawn a sentient being such as Satannish and his entire form is made out of raw magical-energy, only serving to boost his considerable power further - he is an object of worship by thousands (otherwise millions) and the worship he receives also fuels his power and as such he could be considered the most powerful opponent Doctor Strange has faced. The villain strikes a parting blow by banishing Clea, and inciting another lord to attack Strange. Godzilla | Spider-Man | Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six: Sinister Six (Doctor Octopus, Electro, Hobgoblin, Mysterio, Sandman & Vulture) Spider-Man (1967) Spider-Man & Venom: Maximum Carnage: Carnage | Shriek | Doppelganger | Demogoblin | Carrion Hobgoblin | Hitman | Equinox | Blob | G- around a 1.5. White Rabbit | Spider-Man 2: Doctor Octopus | Harry Osborn | J. Jonah Jameson | Green Goblin Tiger Shark | Ultimus | Bushwacker | Zangief, Marvel Universe Doctor Doom | [27], Dormammu appears as the guiding force behind an attack on the self-titled Goddess[28] during "The Infinity Crusade" storyline. Venom | The Spider-Man story "Happy Birthday" from: The individual powers list as examples are from: The powers and abilities section covers the general list of powers that Marvel has presented as part of the character profile within: Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, https://www.marvel.com/characters/dormammu/in-comics, "Giffen & Dematteis Talk Defenders And A Little Bit Of Everything", https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Doctor-Strange/Dormammu/, "SPOILERS: Benedict Cumberbatch Plays Two Roles in 'Doctor Strange, "Benedict Cumberbatch Plays a Second Marvel Character in Doctor Strange", "Entering Marvel Contest of Champions: Dormammu", "SPIDER-MAN DEADPOOL #20 GENZOMAN MARVEL VS CAPCOM VAR (JUN170939)", Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, Stephen Strange (Marvel Cinematic Universe), Doctor Strange: Journey into the Mystic Arts, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dormammu&oldid=1007048541, Articles with dead external links from September 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Dread One; Lord of Chaos; The Great Enigma, Dormammu appears in the 2016 live-action film, Dormammu appears as a playable character in, Dormammu appears as a playable character and an "Events Quest" final boss in the mobile game, This page was last edited on 16 February 2021, at 05:48. [45], Dormammu has been described as "something worse than a demon". Grey Goblin | Magneto | Blastaar | Batroc the Leaper | Beetle | Ultimately slaying their parent Sinifer, they were driven from their home dimension, the Faltine deeming their garnering of suc… When Strange begins to get an advantage against Mordo, Dormammu decides to face the sorcerer in a contest of pure hand-to-hand-combat. Corruptor | Doctor Strange: Zealots (Kaecilius & Lucian) | Karl Mordo | Dormammu, Comics Death-Stalker | Boomerang | M.O.D.O.K. As in all depictions, Dormammu is a gigantic, godlike force of pure evil who exists in the Dark Dimension and seeks to spread his malign influence to all other worlds. Absorbing Man | Dormammu | Molten Man | Scorcher | Swarm | The villain gloats that he has not shown "one tenth" of his true power against the heroes, but that he now realizes that rulership of "one puny" universe is beneath his notice, as he now has far greater and "more interesting" ambitions, and contemptuously dismisses the "insignificant mortals". Arcade | Basilisk | Scarecrow | Spider-Man: Edge of Time: Peter Parker | Atrocity Akuma | Wizard | Maestro | Baron Mordo | [12], Dormammu enters into an alliance with the Asgardian Loki and tricks superhero teams the Avengers and Defenders into fighting each other for components of the artifact known as the Evil Eye. Black Cat | Obadiah Stane | Baron Zemo II | Man-Wolf | Scarecrow | Grant Ward | Mandrill | Solo | Indebted to Strange for his help, Dormammu ends the fight, and in return Strange demands a binding vow to never enter the "Earth realm" again and to not harm Clea. Ancient Ogre | Princess Python | M.O.D.O.K. Now he is being held prisoner, forced into heats and forced to get pregnant by Dormammu's followers. Green Goblin (Norman Osborn, Harry Osborn) | Dormammu is a powerful extra-dimensional villain and one of the main antagonists of Marvel Comics, appearing as the main antagonist of the Dr. Arcade | Living Laser | The Doctor Strange villain Dormammu is one of the most powerful evils in any version of the Marvel Universe. Vermin | Namor | Hobgoblin | Adolf Hitler | [32], Dormammu returns, now in a symbiotic link with Umar. alternate universe story as Strange's master in that reality. | Molten Man | Mister Negative | Mysterio | Nightmare | Norma Osborn | Phalanx | Sabretooth | Toad | Ulik | Whirlwind | Wrecker | Piledriver | Thunderball | Ymir | Zodiac | Scorpio | Zzzax | J. Jonah Jameson, Spider-Man (2017) Deathurge | [33] The character also appears briefly during a storyline in which Strange contemplates his past. Constrictor | Iori Yagami | By Sam Stone May 08, 2019 Of all of the enemies to plague Doctor Strange in the character's 56-year history, one of the most enduring and dangerously omnipotent is Dormammu. Crimson Widow | Grandmaster | Riot | Masters of Evil | M.O.D.O.K. Thunderbolts | Ditko visualized the answer. Enclave | His chief resources are his tremendous magical powers and considerable intellect. Reavers | Damage | High Evolutionary | Reverend Samuel Smith | Grandmaster Meio (Original) | Users who misuse the template will be blocked for a week minimum. Symbiotes | Beyonder | [56], In the Ultimate Marvel universe, Dormammu first appears in Ultimatum, which introduces him as a powerful demon who succeeds in killing Doctor Strange (actually the son of the original). Umar attempts to rig the game in her brother's favor by manipulating Odin's son Thor unsuccessfully, and the game ends in a draw. Scorcher | I had made up the name—now I had to dream up a character to go with the name. In the MCU, Dormammu is a primordial creature who rules over the Dark Dimension and wanders the multiverse, conquering and annihilating every dimension and reality in his path. Vulture | Green Goblin | Electro | Rhino | Mysterio | Doctor Octopus | Scorpion | Human Fly | Kingpin | Lizard | Spider-Slayer | Sandman | Dr. Matto Magneto | Enforcers (Cowboy & Ox) | Frederick Foswell | J. Jonah Jameson, Spider-Man (1981) Selene Gallio | In Doctor Strange: The Sorcerer Supreme, he is a being of pure dark magic and can control people, especially children, through dreams whilst draining them of their life-force and is also able to summon and command magical beasts. Graviton | Belasco | Overdrive | Moses Magnum | Dormammu kills the elderly Strange, and almost overwhelms his other foes, but is defeated when Krugarr summons the spirit of Strange, and they channel the combined power of everyone in the assembly to banish Dormammu to his home dimension. [36], The character temporarily takes control of the "zombie" virus that decimates Earth-2149,[37] and also takes advantage of the fact that Strange loses the title of Sorcerer Supreme, but the latter eventually exorcises his influence from the Hood together with Daimon Hellstrom and Doctor Voodoo. Burglar | Xemnu | Dormammu is a member of the Faltine, a race of powerful beings composed of pure magical energy who hail from another dimension. [35] When the Hood asks for information about his "benefactor" from the demoness Satana, she claims that Dormammu disposed of his sister off-page. Hydro-Man | Agony | Enchantress | Radioactive Man | Black Order | Satannish | Paladin | Using pages from a book of spells belonging to the Ancient One, Kaecilius opens a portal to the Dark Dimension to allow access to Earth. Mephisto | Rugal Bernstein | Mister Negative | [21], The character reappears during the "Inferno" storyline. Master Man | Established from early on as a warlord from an evil dimension labeled the Dark Dimension, Dormammu is a creature that seeks universal conquest and has identified Dr Strange as one of the most prominent threats to that goal. Boomerang | A film based on the Marvel Comics character Doctor Strange was initially listed as being in development at New World Pictures, with a script dated January 21, 1986 by Bob Gale. A.I.M. Doctor Doom | Kingpin | Doctor Octopus | Lizard | Black Cat | Sandman | Magneto | Mysterio | Ringmaster | Green Goblin | Sidewinder | Kraven the Hunter | Red Skull | Chameleon | Vulture | Hammerhead | Wizard. Maelstrom | The brother-sister sibling rivalry relationship blown up to nightmarish, universe-shattering proportions." Red Ghost | Rhino | Tormenting Doctor Strange. Silver Sable | Phil Urich | Shockwave | The villain dismisses Voodoo as an "unworthy" opponent and refers to his vastly inferior "gutter gods". Surtur | Cristu Bulat | Ares | The Rose | Marvel Comics - Strange Tales #126 Thunderbolts | Montana | Spider-Man: Homecoming: Bestman Salvage (Vulture, Tinkerer, Shocker #1, Shocker #2 & Randy Vale) | Mac Gargan | Aaron Davis They journeyed to the Dark Dimension in search of experience, and assumed corporeal forms. Hybrid | Baron Mordo | Finn Cooley | [16] Immediately afterwards, he attempts to destroy Doctor Strange and Clea. Black Knight | Mister Fear | Marvel's Spider-Man: Sinister Six (Doctor Octopus, Mister Negative, Electro, Vulture, Rhino & Scorpion) | Inner Demons | Norman Osborn | Silver Sable | Kingpin | Shocker | Tombstone | Taskmaster | Black Cat | Screwball | Hammerhead | Walter Hardy | Yuriko Watanabe Symbiotes | Doctor Strange has referred to Dormammu as one of the most feared beings in the Marvel Universe. Chester Goudal | The character made his film debut in the 2016 Marvel Cinematic Universe film Doctor Strange, performed through motion capture by Benedict Cumberbatch and voiced by a mixture of Cumberbatch and an unidentified British actor. 2 years ago . Sigma | This allows Dormammu to attach himself to his foe, and possess the sorcerer's body, which exempts him from the vow to not directly enter the Earth-realm. But who? Thanos | Quicksand | | | [7] Strange's first encounter with Dormammu in the "Dark Dimension" also introduced Clea, eventually revealed to be the niece of the villain (like Clea's name, this was not initially revealed in Strange Tales #126; November 1964), and the monstrous and imprisoned Mindless Ones.